The Relationship between Degree of Differentiation with the Incidence of Lymphovascular Infiltration Triple Negative Breast Cancer in West Sumatera
Abstract
Background: The degree of differentiation and the incidence of lymphovascular infiltration in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) are several determinants of the prognosis and survival of sufferers. This disease has a more aggressive clinical course than other breast cancer phenotypes. Targeted therapy has not been able to improve survival in TNBC patients. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the degree of differentiation and lymphovascular infiltration in Triple Negative Breast Cancer in West Sumatra.
Methods: This is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The number of study samples was 44 TNBC patients at the Ropanasuri Special Surgery Hospital, Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital, and RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang, in 2016–2021. The data studied were the degree of differentiation and lymphovascular infiltration from the results of anatomical pathology examination which were analyzed using the Chi Square test.
Results: The most histopathological types in TNBC were Invasive Carcinoma Mammae of No Special Type (79,5%) with the most age range of patients over 60 years (43,2%). The majority of the degrees of differentiation found were grade II (75%), lymphovascular infiltration negative category (65,9%), and there was a significant relationship (p < 0,001) between the degree of differentiation and lymphovascular infiltration in TNBC
Conclusions: There was a relationship between the degree of differentiation and lymphovascular infiltration in TNBC, namely the higher the histopathological grade of cancer cells, the higher the probability of experiencing lymphovascular infiltration.
Keywords
DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v17i4.1010
Article Metrics
Abstract View: 192, 
PDF Download: 90
References
Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer;2020 [Cited 2021 Oct]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today.
Hwang SY, Park S, Kwon Y. Recent therapeutic trends and promising targets in triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Jul;199:30-57.
Bergin ART, Loi S. Triple-negative breast cancer: recent treatment advances. F1000Res. 2019 Aug 2;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1342.
Purwanto I, Dwiprahasto I, Aryandono T, Mubarika S. Treatment options for Indonesian triple negative breast cancer patients: a literature review of current state and potentials for future improvement. JMedSci. 2020;52:81–83.
Purwanto I, Heriyanto DS, Ghozali A, et al. Overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 receptor mRNA as an independent negative prognostic factor for triple negative breast cancer. World J Oncol. 2020;11:216–22.
Al Farisyi M, Khambri D. Analisis survival pasien kanker payudara usia muda di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2008-2017. JKA. 2018;7:25.
Jitariu AA, Cîmpean AM, Ribatti D, Raica M. Triple negative breast cancer: the kiss of death. Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 11;8(28):46652-46662.
Yin L, Duan JJ, Bian XW, Yu SC. Triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping and treatment progress. Breast Cancer Res. 2020 Jun 9;22(1):61.
Elimimian EB, Samuel TA, Liang H, et al. Clinical and demographic factors, treatment patterns, and overall survival associated with rare triple-negative breast carcinomas in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e214123.
Gao G, Wang Z, Qu X, Zhang Z. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:179.
Rinaldi RM, Sapra A, Bellin LS. Breast lymphatics. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2022.
Wu SG, Wang J, Lian CL, et al. Evaluation of the 8th edition of the American joint committee on cancer’s pathological staging system in prognosis assessment and treatment decision making for stage T1-2N1 breast cancer after mastectomy. Breast. 2020;51:2–10.
Wang Y, Acs B, Robertson S, et al. Improved breast cancer histological grading using deep learning. Ann Oncol. 2022;33:89–98.
Elobaid Y, Aamir M, Grivna M, et al. Breast cancer survival and its prognostic factors in the United Arab Emirates: A retrospective study. PLoS One. 2021;16.
Makower D, Lin J, Xue X, Sparano JA. Lymphovascular invasion, race, and the 21-gene recurrence score in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2021;7:20.
Kariri YA, Aleskandarany MA, Joseph C, et al. Molecular complexity of lymphovascular invasion: The Role of Cell Migration in Breast Cancer as a Prototype. Pathobiology. 2020;87:218–31.
Ozer SP, Barut SG, Ozer B, et al. The relationship between tumor budding and survival in colorectal carcinomas. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2019 65:1442–7.
Mittal A, Mani NS. Molecular classification of breast cancer. Indian J Pathol Oncol. 2021;8:241–7.
Agarwal G, Nanda G, Lal P, et al. Outcomes of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) Compared with Non-TNBC: Does the Survival Vary for All Stages? World J Surg. 2016;40:1362–72.
Ahn KJ, Park J, Choi Y. Lymphovascular invasion as a negative prognostic factor for triple-negative breast cancer after surgery. Radiat Oncol J. 2017;35(4):332–9.
Firdaus VRP, Asri A, Khambri D, Arif Harahap W. Hubungan grading histopatologi dan infiltrasi limfovaskular dengan subtipe molekuler pada kanker payudara invasif di bagian bedah RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. JKA. 2016;5.
Zhong YM, Tong F, Shen J. Lympho-vascular invasion impacts the prognosis in breast-conserving surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2022;22:102.
Koleckova M, Ehrmann J, Bouchal J, et al. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and microRNA expression are associated with spindle and apocrine cell morphology in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep. 2021;11:5145.
Sanges F, Floris M, Cossu-Rocca P, et al. Histologic subtyping affecting outcome of triple negative breast cancer: a large Sardinian population-based analysis. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:491
Balkenhol MCA, Vreuls W, Wauters CAP, et al. Histological subtypes in triple negative breast cancer are associated with specific information on survival. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2020;46:151490.
Anna Bethania K, Rustamadji P. Hubungan subtipe molekular pada karsinoma payudara invasif dengan grade, invasi limfovaskular dan metastasis KGB di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM Tahun 2019. Maj Patol Indones. 2022;31:392–9.
Marotti JD, de Abreu FB, Wells WA, Tsongalis GJ. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Am J Pathol. 2017;187:2133–8.
Zhao S, Zuo WJ, Shao ZM, Jiang YZ. Molecular subtypes and precision treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8:499–499.
Rayson D, Payne JI, Michael JCR, et al. Impact of detection method and age on survival outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer: A population-based cohort analysis. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(5):955–60.
Aapro M, Wildiers H. Triple-negative breast cancer in the older population. Ann Oncol. 2012;23:52–5.
Zhai Z, Zheng Y, Yao J, et al. Evaluation of Adjuvant Treatments for T1 N0 M0 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2021881.
Prasad S, Efird JT, James SE, et al. Failure patterns and survival outcomes in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): a 15 year comparison of 448 non-Hispanic black and white women. Springerplus. 2016 Jun 17;5(1):756.
Hikmanti A, Adriani FHN. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keterlambatan Pengobatan pada Wanita Penderita Kanker Payudara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Internasional. 2014:2-6.
Subiyanto D, Kadi TA, Ismaiyah I, et al. Subtipe molekuler kanker payudara di RSUD Madiun dan hubungannya dengan grading histopatologi. MPK. 2021;31:193–202.
Lebert JM, Lester R, Powell E, et al. Advances in the systemic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Curr Oncol. 2018 Jun;25(Suppl 1):S142-S150.
Hermansyah D, Rahayu Y, Azrah A, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer clinicopathology: A single-center experience. Indonesian Journal of Cancer. 2021;15:125.
Widodo I, Dwianingsih EK, Aryandono T, Soeripto. Clinicopathological characteristic and prognostic significance of indonesian triple negative breast cancer. InaBJ. 2019;11:286–92.
Tzikas A, Nemes S, Linderholm B. A comparison between young and old patients with triple-negative breast cancer: biology, survival and metastatic patterns. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2020;6:643–654.
Kartini K, Lubis NL, Moriza T. Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keterlambatan Pengobatan Pada Wanita Penderita Kanker Payudara Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Simeulue Tahun 2018. Jurnal Info Kesehatan. 2019;17:16–34.
Sejati F, Rizki K, Yohana R. Hubungan derajat histopatologi dan invasi limfovaskular terhadap metastasis kelenjar getah bening aksila pada kanker payudara dini. Medika Kartika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2019 ;3:37–49.
Khairana I, Heriady Y. Hubungan grading histopatologi dengan invasi limfovaskular pada penderita kanker payudara di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung. Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science. 2022;2.
Aulia U, Wibowo A, Notobroto HB. The affecting factors to grade of breast cancer in Dr. Soetomo Hospital of Surabaya. Health Notions. 2018;2(6).
Houvenaeghel G, Cohen M, Classe JM, et al. Lymphovascular invasion has a significant prognostic impact in patients with early breast cancer, results from a large, national, multicenter, retrospective cohort study. ESMO Open. 2021;6:100316
Verma R, Lal Jakhar S, Sharma N, et al. Epidemiological profile and clinicopathological correlates of triple negative breast cancer patients at regional cancer centre. APOCP. 2021;6:457–60.
Deschairul K, Puspasari D, Dewi M, et al. Hubungan ekspresi E-Cadherin dengan status metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada triple negative breast cancer di rumah sakit umum pusat Dr. Kariadi. JIKK. 2022;9.
McGarry WM, Bhole S. Triple-negative breast cancer: What crucial information can imaging add to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis?. Int J Womens Health Wellness. 2019;5(1).
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of Cancer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Email this article 
