1. Home
  2. Vol 19, No 2 (2025)
  3. Ramadian

Enhancement of mRNA Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) Induced Anemia in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

Kurnia Jelang Ramadian, Choirumminanisa Imma Mahardika, Aliffala Widianaputri Setya Pangastuti, Nabella Deby Ramadhani, Hidayat Sulistyo, Haris Budi Widodo, Dwi Nur Indah Sari, Tirta Wardana

Abstract


Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm that can lead to mechanical disturbances and malnutrition, potentially causing anemia. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and vascularization, which may impact anemia in OSCC patients. This study aimed to investigate the differential mRNA expression of VEGF-A in OSCC patients with and without anemia.

Method: This cross-sectional observational study analyzed 39 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from OSCC patients (13 with anemia, 26 without anemia). VEGF-A mRNA expression was quantified using qPCR with GAPDH as a reference gene. The Livak method was used to determine VEGF-A expression levels. Data were analyzed using GenEX MultiD 6.0 software, and statistical significance was assessed using independent T-tests.

Results: VEGF-A mRNA expression in OSCC patients varied based on anemia status (1.94-fold), tumor size (1.44-fold), histological grade (1.21-fold), and anemia severity (1.30-fold). Significant differences in VEGF-A mRNA expression were observed for anemia status and tumor size (p < 0.05), while histological grading and anemia severity showed no significant differences.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant difference in VEGF-A mRNA expression in OSCC patients with anemia, particularly in relation to tumor size. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between VEGF-A expression and anemia in OSCC, potentially informing future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.


Keywords


anemia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, mRNA expression, tumor angiogenesis, VEGF-A

Full Text: View | Download

DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1278

Article Metrics

Abstract View: 420,
PDF Download: 126
             

References


Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.

Riskayanti NP, Riyanto D, Winias S. Manajemen multidisiplin Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): laporan kasus. Intisari Sains Medis. 2021;12(2):621–6.

Diajil AR, Thomson P. Risk Factors of Oral Cancer and Potentially Malignant Disorders (PMDs): Developing a High/Low Risk Profiling System. J Baghdad Coll Dent. 2016;28(1):63–72.

Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, et al. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Vol. 15, International Journal of Oral Science. 2023.

Jiang S, Dong Y. Human papillomavirus and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of HPV-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma and possible strategies for future. Curr Probl Cancer. 2017 Sep-Oct;41(5):323-327.

Salehiniya H, Raei M. Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: An epidemiological review. Biomed Res Ther. 2020;7(8):3898–905.

Warnakulasuriya S. Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol. 2009 Apr-May;45(4-5):309-16.

Lathifah SH, Yohana W, Rodian M. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as An Inflammation Degree Marker in Tongue Cancer Patient. J Kesehat Gigi. 2021;8(2):96–108.

Naderi NJ, Tirgari F, Keshavarz Z. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and vascular density in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): A study on clinical and histopathologic significance. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2016;30(1).

Rapone B, Ferrara E. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in the Pathological Angiogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: Oral Diseases. 2020.

Greenwald AC, Licht T, Kumar S, et al. VEGF expands erythropoiesis via hypoxia-independent induction of erythropoietin in noncanonical perivascular stromal cells. J Exp Med. 2019;216(1):215–30.

Siregar G. Vascular endhotelial growth factor (VEGF) pada pasien gastritis adenokarsinoma. Dent Coll J. 2018;1(3):82–91.

Zhao H, Ma TF, Lin J, et al. Identification of valid reference genes for mRNA and microRNA normalisation in prostate cancer cell lines. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1).

Yan W, Xie M, Li R, et al. Identification and validation of reference genes selection in ovarian cancer exposed to hypoxia. Onco Targets Ther. 2020;13:7423–31.

Song W, Zhang WH, Zhang H, et al. Validation of housekeeping genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR expression studies in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line treated by 5 kinds of chemotherapy drugs. Cell Mol Biol. 2016;62(13):29–34.

Peng X, McCormick DL. Identification of reliable reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies in oral squamous cell carcinomas compared to adjacent normal tissues in the F344 rat model. Oncol Rep. 2016;36(2):1076–84.

Salari Fanoodi T, Motalleb G, Yegane Moghadam A, Talaee R. p21 Gene Expression Evaluation in Esophageal Cancer Patients. Gastrointest Tumors. 2015;2(3):144–64.

Kishimoto K, Yoshida S, Ibaragi S, et al. Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of angiogenin, besides VEGF, is related to progression of oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2012;48(11):1120–7.

Sales CBS, Buim MEC, de Souza RO, et al. Elevated VEGFA mRNA levels in oral squamous cell carcinomas and tumor margins: a preliminary study. J Oral Pathol Med. 2016;45(7):481–5.

Naruse T, Kawasaki G, Yanamoto S, et al. Immunohistochemical study of VEGF expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas: Correlation with the mTOR-HIF-1α tathway. Anticancer Res. 2011;31(12):4429–37.

DE Lima PO, Jorge CC, Oliveira DT, Pereira MC.

Hypoxic condition and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2014 Feb;34(2):605-12.

Misra B. Pathophysiology & Management of Anemia in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review Nanda. Cancer Ther Oncol Int J. 2019;14(2).

Cordella C, Luebbers HT, Rivelli V, et al. An evaluation of the preoperative hemoglobin level as a prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Oncol. 2011;3(1).

Karathanasis E, Chan L, Karumbaiah L, et al. Tumor vascular permeability to a nanoprobe correlates to tumor-specific expression levels of angiogenic markers. PLoS One. 2009;4(6).

Ueda M, Terai Y, Kumagai K, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor C gene expression is closely related to invasion phenotype in gynecological tumor cells. Gynecol Oncol. 2001;82(1):162–6.

Chen J, Wen Y, Li L, Wang C. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2001;19(5).


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.